What was formed after the formation of the Universe? Have you ever thought about that? Well, if not, you will think now and you will see a response from scientists. According to a new study, scientists know what happened at approx. 400,000 years since the formation of the Universe (since the Big Bang). They said that a new era or possibly the first era of the universe had begun, which they called the "era of reionization." Just as on Earth there were different eras through which our planet changed, so there were and still are eras of the Universe, through which it changes. 

You know that at the beginning of the creation, the universe was extremely hot, but then it was the age through which the universe began to cool down. In addition to this cooling, matter began to clump together in different places, so much so that galaxies, stars, and then various systems and planets began to form. As these stars formed, their energy reheated the universe, re-ionizing some of the hydrogen left in the universe. This is how reionization began, an era that scientists know, but it is difficult for them to determine how it was formed and what it started from. 

However, there are a lot of objects, celestial bodies, galaxies in the universe, so astronomers at the University of Iowa have found a series of galaxies called the Lyman continuum galaxies, which may have some clues about this era. In those galaxies, they identified a black hole a million times brighter than our sun, which would be the best thing to study to find clues. The thought that this hole is so strong that it can pierce the channels in that galaxy, allowing ultraviolet photons to escape. Thus, astronomers can see them better, no longer, theoretically being in the galaxy.

According to ScienceDaily:

"The implication is that outflows from black holes may be important to enable escape of the ultraviolet radiation from galaxies that reionized the intergalactic medium," says Phil Kaaret, professor and chair in the Department of Physics and Astronomy and the study's corresponding author.

"We can't yet see the sources that actually powered the universe's reionization because they are too far away," Kaaret says. "We looked at a nearby galaxy with properties similar to the galaxies that formed in the early universe. One of the primary reasons that the James Webb Space Telescope was built was to try to see the galaxies hosting the sources that actually powered the universe's reionization."

Jesse Bluem, a graduate research assistant at Iowa, and Andrea Prestwich, with the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, are co-authors of the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters article.

Article by: Andacs Robert Eugen, on 10 January 2022, at 12:20 pm Los Angeles time

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